Watson and Crick propose model of double-stranded DNA.

Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids

The correct number of human chromosomes (46) was reported

The Chromosome Number of Man

The process by which information in genes flow into protein, i.e., DNA to RNA to Protein.

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

The first restriction enzyme reported by Kent Wilcox and Hamilton Smith.

A Restriction Enzyme from Hemophilus influenzae

First description of a nucleosome…as the repeating structural subunit of chromatin.

Chromatin Structure: A Repeating Unit of Histones and DNA

Researchers convene meeting to discuss ethical issues related to recombinant DNA experiments.

The recombinant DNA controversy: Twenty years later

Fred Sanger describes method of sequencing DNA using dideoxy-nucleotide chain terminators.

DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

Kary Mullis describes the polymerase chain reaction …a kind of deoxyribonuclear explosion….

Specific Enzymatic Amplification of DNA in Vitro: The Polymerase Chain Reaction

First report of clustered DNA repeats in E. coli.

Nucleotide Sequence of the iap Gene, Responsible for Alkaline Phosphatase Isozyme Conversion in Escherichia coli, and Identification of the Gene Product

Multiple zinc finger domains reported in transcription factor TFIIIA

Zinc Fingers and Other Metal-binding Domains

Zinc finger domains are modified to target different double-stranded DNA sequences

Toward controlling gene expression at will: Selection and design of zinc finger domains recognizing each of the 5'-GNN-3' DNA target seqences

An international research project to determine the nucleotide sequence of human genome.

Our genome unveiled

CRISPR sequences reported to contain foreign DNA…suggesting an adaptive immune system.

MicroCorrespondence

CRISPR protects microbes from recurring virus infection.

A CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes

Transcription Activator Like Effector Nuclease proteins (TALENs) used to target DNA sequences

A TALE nuclease architecture for efficient genome editing

Clinical trials investigating the use of ZFNs to confer resistance to HIV in AIDS patients is underway.

Gene Editing of CCR5 in Autologous CD4 T Cells of Persons Infected with HIV

The molecular structure of CRISPR Cas9 is reported by Jennifer Doudna’s group

Structures of Cas9 Endonucleases Reveal RNA-Mediated Conformational Activation

Researchers convene meeting to discuss ethical issues related to genome engineering.

A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification